Eating five or six small meals throughout the day should prevent the sick or bloated feeling patients with cirrhosis often have after eating. Summary Macronodular cirrhosis is a type of cirrhosis, or scarring of the liver. Test your vocabulary with our 10-question quiz! ( srss) n, pl -ses ( -siz) (Plants) a fleshy multiple fruit, such as that of the pineapple and mulberry, formed from flowers that are crowded together on a fleshy stem. Synonym: Cirrhosis in which connective tissue hyperplasia causes the liver to be greatly enlarged. By clicking Accept, you consent to the use of ALL the cookies. Surgery may be required to repair disease-related throat damage. Cirrhosis changes the structure of the liver and the blood vessels that nourish it. Encyclopedia.com gives you the ability to cite reference entries and articles according to common styles from the Modern Language Association (MLA), The Chicago Manual of Style, and the American Psychological Association (APA). Hepatic Structure (Source: Wikimedia) Discovery of Kupffer Cells Unauthorized use of these marks is strictly prohibited. Several conditions can cause hepatosplenomegaly. Passive congestion of the liver caused by right-sided heart failure, ultimately resulting in hepatic scarring and failure. The progressive failure of one of the fundamental functions of the liver, i.e. These fruits are not fleshy, and their pericarp (fruit wall) is not distinguished into three layers. 2023 Feb 2;12(3):479. doi: 10.3390/cells12030479. WebSorosis definition: a fleshy multiple fruit, such as that of the pineapple and mulberry , formed from flowers | Meaning, pronunciation, translations and examples Hepatosplenomegaly occurs when the liver and spleen are much larger than their typical size. Eosinophils are white blood cells (WBCs) of the granulocytic lineage, which also includes neutrophils and basophils. The site is secure. a fleshy multiple fruit composed of many flowers, seed vessels, and receptacles consolidated, as in the pineapple and mulberry. Flowers with polycarpellary and apocarpous gynoecium give rise to a number of fruitlets as there are a number of free ovaries, each giving rise to one fruitlet. Sorosis definition in American English | Collins English Dictionary In some cases one- seeded parts of the fruit are dehiscent and are called Cocci. cirrhosis, irreversible change in the normal liver tissue that results in the degeneration of functioning liver cells and their replacement with fibrous connective tissue. Subscribe to America's largest dictionary and get thousands more definitions and advanced searchad free! Before Investigating the power of music for dementia. Webster's (i) Sorosis Examples are the fruits of Ananas comosus (Pine apple, Bromeliaceae). 7.4.-D). (A) Dehiscent Fruits (Capsular Fruits) (Fig. Cite this article Pick a style below, and copy the text for your bibliography. Alice Cary was the first president. The Oxford Pocket Dictionary of Current English. Cirrhosis: Definition, Causes & Treatments 7.1.-B). Its object was to further the educational and social activities of women by bringing representative women of accomplishment in art, literature, science, and kindred pursuits. Accessed 8 Jul. These cookies help provide information on metrics the number of visitors, bounce rate, traffic source, etc. These are simple fruits with fleshy pericarp. Now a day many seedless grapes, oranges and water melones are being developed by horticulturists. Here, we look at the symptoms, progression, transmission, medication, and management strategies. If a person has extremely pronounced splenomegaly, the spleen can weigh between 500 and 1,000 g. A healthy liver weighs about 1.4 to 1.5 kg in a male and 1.2 to 1.4 kg in a female. Description Cirrhosis changes the structure of the liver and the blood vessels that nourish it. See: Cirrhosis resulting from chronic liver damage by alcoholism. Treating the underlying cause will usually help reduce the size of the organs. It does not store any personal data. Would you like email updates of new search results? It is a berry with an outer hard rind formed of epicarp and a part of mesocarp. Portal hypertension results from an increased intrahepatic resistance combined with increased portal (and hepatic arterial) blood flow. Among its founding members were Josephine Pollard, a children's author, and Fanny Fern Parton, a popular columnist who had been angered at newspaper women being excluded from the all-male New York Press Club when it had an honorary dinner for the author Charles Dickens the month before. Share Your PPT File. "Management of Chronic Hepatitis B in an HIV-Positive Patient with 3TC-Resistant Hepatitis B Virus.". Botanically, a fruit develops from a ripe ovary or any floral parts on the basis of floral parts they develop, fruits may be true or false. l-neks-. Websorosis. These tests include: The treatments for hepatosplenomegaly vary widely depending on the cause of the organ enlargement. Clipboard, Search History, and several other advanced features are temporarily unavailable. MNT is the registered trade mark of Healthline Media. American Liver Foundation. Liver disease characterized by diffuse damage to hepatic parenchymal cells, with nodular regeneration, fibrosis, and disturbance of normal architecture; associated with failure in the function of hepatic cells and interference with blood flow in the liver, frequently resulting in jaundice, portal hypertension, ascites, and ultimately biochemical and functional signs of hepatic failure. The Oxford Pocket Dictionary of Current English. if the patient demonstrates hepatic encephalopathy, and the patient is frequently reoriented to time and place. The fruit wall is free from testa and a typical feature of the fruit is the presence of a pappus having a crown of hair like processes which helps in wind-dispersal. Any medical information published on this website is not intended as a substitute for informed medical advice and you should not take any action before consulting with a healthcare professional. In these fruits pericarp is distinguished into epicarp, mesocarp and endocarp. At maturity, the fruit dehisces along both the sutures i.e. When the liver and spleen are enlarged, they cannot function as well as usual. The Oxford Pocket Dictionary of Current English. Liver Cirrhosis among Young Adults Admitted to the Department of Gastroenterology in a Tertiary Care Centre: A Descriptive Cross-sectional Study. sros, a heap.] 2007 Nov-Dec;41 Suppl 3:S330-5. "Mechanisms of Liver Injury: An Overview. Cirrhosis Definition & Meaning - Merriam-Webster To save this word, you'll need to log in. United Network for Organ Sharing. Alterations in mental status, personality, or behavior (hepatic encephalopathy) are common but vary in severity and may not be noticed initially. Answer Now and help others. It is of two main types, sorosis and syconus. Liver transplants can benefit patients with advanced cirrhosis. Primary endosymbiosis refers to the original internalization of prokaryotes by an ancestral eukaryotic cell, resulting in the formation of the mitochondria and chloroplasts. Sorosis shunt Biliary cirrhosis is caused by intrahepatic bile-duct diseases that impede bile flow. Can diet and exercise reverse prediabetes? WebLiver cirrhosis is a frequent consequence of the long clinical course of all chronic liver diseases and is characterized by tissue fibrosis and the conversion of normal liver It is the third most common cause of death in adults between the ages of 45 and 65. SOROSIS Meaning: "consolidated fleshy multiple fruit" (such as a pineapple), 1831, from Modern Latin, from Greek sros "a See origin and meaning of sorosis. It is a simple dry many seeded dehiscent fruit developing from a multi-carpellary syncarpous ovary. Sorosis WebCirrhosis is a condition in which your liver is scarred and permanently damaged. We also use third-party cookies that help us analyze and understand how you use this website. Baker, A. sorosis - Wiktionary Q. (C) Schizocarpic Fruits (Splitting Fruits): These fruits fall in between the above-mentioned two categories. Hepatic venous pressure gradient to assess fibrosis and its progression after liver transplantation for HCV cirrhosis. The cookie is used to store the user consent for the cookies in the category "Other. The Foolish Dictionary, by Gideon Wurdz (0.00 / 0 votes) Rate this Biology Prefixes and Suffixes: -Osis Hepatosplenomegaly and pernicious anemia. Laennec's cirrhosis Definition & Meaning - Merriam-Webster -sz. It can result from an infection, an injury, some types of anemia, and various other health factors. the detoxification of potentially harmful substances received from the splanchnic circulation and particularly bacterial end-products, is responsible for the establishment of a systemic pro-inflammatory state further accelerating disease progression. BMC Musculoskelet Disord. Encyclopedia.com. Signs of the illness may include ascites; asterixis; bleeding from gums, nose, or gastroesophageal varices; mousy breath odor; edema; jaundice; and an irregular liver edge with hepatic enlargement (the liver may shrink when complete loss of function is present). Learn more about the world with our collection of regional and country maps. A person may also need to make adjustments to their diet. SOROSIS Meaning: "consolidated fleshy multiple fruit" (such as a pineapple), 1831, from Modern Latin, from Greek sros "a See origin and meaning of sorosis. Cirrhosis The fruits derived from superior ovary are called superior or true berries as in brinjal, grape, tomato. 2023 . Liver People with severe and life-threatening conditions related to hepatosplenomegaly may require a liver transplant. It has two main sources of blood: Hepatic Portal Vein carries nutrient-rich blood from the digestive system. These fruits are indehiscent, and seeds are liberated after the decay of the flesh. An inflammation of the peritoneal coat of the liver. Artocarpus heterophyllus (Jack fruit, Moraceae), Morus indica (Moraceae), etc. From top to bottom, the spleen measures about 11 centimeters (cm) in length. In rare cases, a doctor may recommend surgical removal of the spleen and a portion of the liver. 7.13-1). Some dry fruits burst automatically to liberate the seeds. We've got you covered with our map collection. I read that alcohol can lead to liver cirrhosis. as the breadfruit, mulberry, and pineapple. Any multiple fleshy fruit that is derived from the ovaries of multiple flowers. Mesocarp is fleshy or fibrous. Web1. Cirrhosis Definition n. (pl. Composite Fruits It is similar to achene except that in this case pericarp and testa are inseparably fused as in cereals. Example-Brassica (Mustard). On the basis of dehiscence capsules are of the following types: The dehiscence occurs through pores as in Poppy (Papaver) (Fig. This is a type of two or more-chambered fruit derived from a syncarpous (i.e., compound) ovary. According to Webster Suppl. The, Dicotyledoneae One of the two classes of flowering plants (see Anthophyta), distinguished by having two seed leaves (cotyledons) within the seed. Bhusal M, Pathak R, Kafle Bhandari B, Jha A, Hamal R, Koirala D, Lamsal M, Kafle PK. Liver WebCirrhosis is a chronic degenerative disease in which normal liver cells are damaged and are then replaced by scar tissue. Start your free trial today and get unlimited access to America's largest dictionary, with: Sorosis. Merriam-Webster.com Dictionary, Merriam-Webster, https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/sorosis. Privacy Policy3. A symbiotic relationship where one organism lives inside the other is known as endosymbiosis. Definitions.net. Why Parkinson's research is zooming in on the gut. ", Phillips, M. G., V. R. Preedy, and R. D. Hughes. The disease reduces the liver's ability to manufacture proteins and process hormones, nutrients, medications, and poisons. MeSH Infoplease knows the value of having sources you can trust. This information should not be considered complete, up to date, and is not intended to be used in place of a visit, consultation, or advice of a legal, medical, or any other professional. It represents 15-20% of all cirrhosis. The fruit develops from bicarpellary, syncarpous, interior ovary having a single basal ovule, e.g., Sonchus, Dandelion etc. The term megaly indicates that something is abnormally large. Liver changes can be seen during a. Liver biopsy is usually needed to confirm a diagnosis of cirrhosis. "Resection of Hepatocellular Carcinoma in Patients Otherwise Eligible for Transplantation. Therefore, be sure to refer to those guidelines when editing your bibliography or works cited list. There are two main types of composite fruits: This type of fruit is found in Mulberry, Pineapple and Jack fruit (kathal). The simple succulent fruits are of 3 types drupe, pome and berrie. Websorosis. 7.1 A). This type of structure in Sorosis typically includes leftovers of floral tissues, for example, the perianth. e.g., Pomranate (Fig. Liver injury, reactions to prescription medications, exposure to toxic substances, and repeated episodes of. It develops from superior monocarpellary pistill having unilocular and uniovuled ovary, e.g., Mirabilis jalapa, but more commonly achenes occur in the form of aggregate fruits as in Ranunculus and Clematis etc. Webster's Unicamente Capparis (Capparaceae), Cordia (Boraginaceae), Lonchocarpus (Fabaceae), Diospyros (Ebenaceae), Ocotea (Lauraceae), Pouteria (Sapotaceae), Robinsonella (Malvaceae), Senna (Caesalpiniaceae), Talisia (Sapindaceae) y Urera (Urticaceae) presentaron dos tipos de fruto y el resto de los miembros de esta categoria supraespecifica tuvieron solo uno (Apendice), a pesar de que ocho se ubican entre los que tienen mas de 10 especies: Miconia (25 especies, bayas), Eugenia (23, bayas), Inga (20, camaras), Piper (18, Its composition of mostly middle-class, white women reflected the legacy of its nineteenth-century predecessors, who proudly traced their club lineage to an association of elite women writers called, (10) Post-Civil War women's clubs like New York's, (16) The paper leased office space in the Woman's Bureau in New York, run by Elizabeth Stuart Phelps, but it was considered so radical that other women's groups, including, Dictionary, Encyclopedia and Thesaurus - The Free Dictionary, the webmaster's page for free fun content, Advances in pineapple plant propagation/ Avancos na propagacao de abacaxi, Effect of Popcorn Disease Infected Leaves on Silkworm Performance and Differential Proteome Analysis of Mulberry Popcorn Disease, Soros lobbies ECB for more eurozone integration, draws criticism, Significant others: the defining domestic life of Caroline Seymour Severance, Diversidad de frutos de los arboles del bosque tropical perennifolio de Mexico, "The pulse and conscience of America": the General Federation and women's citizenship, 1945-1960, The permeable public: rituals of citizenship in antebellum men's debating clubs, A Multicultural Chronology of Welfare Policy and Social Work In the United States, Soros International Economic Advisory Group, Soros Service Program for Community Health. The cookie is set by GDPR cookie consent to record the user consent for the cookies in the category "Functional". Here each fruitlet is an achene; and achenes are hairy. A false fruit or pseudo-carp is derived from the floral parts other than ovary, e.g., peduncle in cashew-nut, thalamus in apple, pear, gourd and cucumber; fused perianth in mulberry and calyx in Dillenia (Or. Portal hypertension is the earliest and most important consequence of cirrhosis and underlies most of the clinical complications of the disease. The seeds are covered by edible juicy testa. Websrsis soroses Meanings Definition Source Word Forms Noun Filter noun A multiple fruit formed by the merging of many flowers into a fleshy mass, as in the mulberry. WebIn this article we will discuss about the classification of fruits:- 1. These cookies track visitors across websites and collect information to provide customized ads. In addition to the MLA, Chicago, and APA styles, your school, university, publication, or institution may have its own requirements for citations. JNMA J Nepal Med Assoc. All content on this website, including dictionary, thesaurus, literature, geography, and other reference data is for informational purposes only. ; family Malvaceae) A genus of herbs that have showy, regular, 5-petalled flowers and an epicalyx of 69 segmen, stamen Alabaman, Amman, Ammon, Drammen, gammon, Mammon, salmon Bradman, Caedmon, madman, madmen flagman, flagmen trackman, trackmen hangman, han, Sorority House Massacre 2: Nighty Nightmare, Sorority Babes in the Slimeball Bowl-A-Rama, Sorokin, Vladimir 1955- (Vladimir Georgievich Sorokin), Sorokin, Pitirim Alexandrovitch(1889-1968), Sorrel, Annie (Anne Sorell, Annie M. Sorell), Sorrells, Walter (Lynn Abercrombie, Ruth Birmingham), https://www.encyclopedia.com/humanities/dictionaries-thesauruses-pictures-and-press-releases/sorosis. "Hepatic Steatosis in Patients Undergoing Bariatric Surgery and Its Relationship to Body Mass Index and Co-Morbidities. A doctor should also be notified if a patient diagnosed with cirrhosis: Alternative treatments for cirrhosis are aimed at promoting the function of healthy liver cells and relieving the symptoms associated with the disease. Sandbox Learning is part of Sandbox & Co., a digital learning company. The apices of berries fuse together forming something like a common rind. In 2001, research scientists identified the protein segment and method in which excess tissue grows in diseases like cirrhosis. By Regina Bailey Updated on May 20, 2018 Suffixes: -Osis and -Otic The suffix -osis means to be affected with something or can refer to an increase. Limited evidence exists for medical treatments. 7.2): Depending on the mode of dehiscence, these fruits can be divided into the following five classes: Legume develops from a superior, monocarpellary, unilocular ovary. Disclaimer Copyright, Share Your Knowledge The Compact Edition of the Oxford English Dictionary (2 vols). ISBN: 978-0198611172, https://en.wiktionary.org/w/index.php?title=sorosis&oldid=72778864, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. The liver typically measures 16 cm or less in length, but an enlarged liver may be significantly larger than this. It may develop from a simple or compound pistil with superior or inferior, uniovuled ovary. sros, a heap.]. A chronic liver disease of highly various etiology characterized by inflammation, degeneration, and regeneration in differing proportions. Web7.2 Primary and Secondary Endosymbiosis. Mori fructus aqueous extracts attenuates liver injury by inhibiting ferroptosis via the Nrf2 pathway. cirrhosis The Oxford Pocket Dictionary of Current English. The cookie is used to store the user consent for the cookies in the category "Analytics". 7.13-G). Within the Cite this article tool, pick a style to see how all available information looks when formatted according to that style. The palms of the hands turn red and patients may experience: As the disease progresses, the spleen enlarges and fluid collects in the abdomen (, Cirrhosis can cause extremely dry skin and intense. The liver will fail, and the patient will probably die within five years. In advanced stages, ascites, pronounced jaundice, portal hypertension, and central nervous system disorders, which may end in. (Fig. Beers, Mark H., MD, and Robert Berkow, MD. 7.3-C). The liver is a critical organ in the human body that is responsible for an array of functions that help support metabolism, immunity, digestion, detoxification, vitamin storage among other functions. About 30-50% of all cases of cirrhosis are this type. This disease can cause: Cirrhosis is the seventh leading cause of disease-related death in the United States. [Gr. What is a trophic hormone? Accessed 8 Jul. Web. Similarly, regma of Geranium breaks into five cocci as it is derived from five carpels (Fig. Infoplease is part of the Sandbox Learning family of educational and reference sites for parents, teachers and students. However, when a person has an enlarged spleen, it can weigh more than 400 g and measure more than 13 cm in length. Also, the spleen is responsible for filtering bacteria and viruses. You must there are over 200,000 words in our free online dictionary, but you are looking for one thats only in the Merriam-Webster Unabridged Dictionary. The pericarp is extended in the form of wings and at maturity the fruit breaks up % into single seeded mericarps. In case of Date, epicarp and mesocarp are edible while papery and thin endocarp is thrown away along with the seed. : hepatic cirrhosis in which increased connective tissue spreads out from the portal spaces compressing and distorting the Examples include: Enlargement of the liver can also cause enlargement of the spleen because the two organs are close to each other. ." Not sure about the geography of the middle east? These cookies will be stored in your browser only with your consent. https://www.definitions.net/definition/sorosis. The fibrotic and angio-architectural modifications of liver tissue leading to increased intrahepatic resistance and the degree of portal hypertension seem to be highly correlated until HVPG values of 10-12 mmHg are reached. Sorosis Definition & Meaning - Merriam-Webster Bile is formed in the liver and is carried by ducts to the intestines. Lymphoma is a cancer that starts in the white blood cells This article looks at the two main types: Hodgkin lymphoma and non-Hodgkin lymphoma, as well, Researchers are conducting a clinical trial to determine the feasibility of using a capsule as a fecal transplant mechanism to treat chronic liver, Medical News Today has strict sourcing guidelines and draws only from peer-reviewed studies, academic research institutions, and medical journals and associations. sorosis The Liver in Sickle Cell Disease - PubMed sorosis: Meaning and Definition of | Infoplease "Heritable Disorders of the Bile Ducts. Artocarpus heterophyllus (Jack fruit, Moraceae), Morus indica (Moraceae), or sorosises. 1100 Boulders Parkway, Suite 500, P.O. Usually, a person cannot feel the borders of their liver or spleen in their stomach. Cirrhosis | Definition, Causes, Symptoms, Stages, & Treatment Three types of dry fruits are distinguishable: Characteristic of these fruits is that their pericarp rupture after ripening and the seeds are disseminated. Is the ketogenic diet right for autoimmune conditions? A chronic liver disease of highly various etiology characterized by inflammation, degeneration, and regeneration in differing proportions; pathologic hallmark is formation of microscopic or macroscopic nodules separated by bands of fibrous tissue; impairment of hepatocellular function and obstruction to portal circulation often lead to jaundice, ascites, and hepatic failure. Patients who stop drinking after being diagnosed with cirrhosis can increase their likelihood of living more than a few years from 40% to 60-70%. It is derived from polycarpellary, syncarpous, multilocuiar and superior ovary. Because each style has its own formatting nuances that evolve over time and not all information is available for every reference entry or article, Encyclopedia.com cannot guarantee each citation it generates. a womans club or society, named after a club of that name, founded in 1869. a fleshy fruit formed by the consolidation of many flowers with their receptacles, ovaries, etc., as the breadfruit, mulberry, and pineapple. [1] It follows that it shares the same etymology, referring to aggregation, rather than the etymology of sorority, which referred to sisterhood. When 'thingamajig' and 'thingamabob' just won't do, A simple way to keep them apart. Surface bleeding sites are monitored frequently, and direct pressure is applied to the site if bleeding occurs. Sorosis meant "aggregation". The cookie is set by the GDPR Cookie Consent plugin and is used to store whether or not user has consented to the use of cookies. TOS4. Tin- broken parts separate exposing the seeds attached to the central axis, e.g Datum (Fig. Definition from Wiktionary, the free dictionary, Yet these women were not a clique, nor a sect, nor a, They gathered up all the privacies of the city and poured them into his ear, and his family became a, Murray, J.A.H. Check ourencyclopedia for a gloss on thousands of topics from biographies to the table of elements. Whereas evidence clearly indicates reversibility of fibrosis in pre-cirrhotic disease, the determinants of fibrosis regression in cirrhosis are not sufficiently clear, and the point at which cirrhosis is truly irreversible is not established, either in morphologic or functional terms. What are the characters Mendel selected for his experiments on pea plant? Accessibility blood flukes of the genus. However, the new liver will eventually become diseased unless the underlying cause of cirrhosis is removed. Chronic liver infections, such as hepatitis B and particularly hepatitis C, are commonly linked to cirrhosis. The liver enlarges during the early stages of illness. The PubMed wordmark and PubMed logo are registered trademarks of the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (HHS). The pericarp or fruit wall is differentiated into thin epicarp (skin) fleshy mesocarp and stony endocarp.Hence.it is also called as stone fruit, e.g., Mango, Coconut, Peach, Almond, Trapa etc. cirrhosis, irreversible change in the normal liver tissue that results in the degeneration of functioning liver cells and their replacement with fibrous connective tissue. It is an elongated fruit in which dehiscence occurs along both the sutures from base to apex and the seeds attached to the replum get exposed. The cookie is used to store the user consent for the cookies in the category "Performance". (B) Indehiscent Fruits (Achenial Fruits): As their name indicates, pericarp of such fruits does not rupture on ripening and the seeds remain inside. ", "Peptides: Peptide Critical to Cirrhosis Development. Explain with suitable example. 8600 Rockville Pike 7.13D). Cirrhosis | definition of cirrhosis by Medical dictionary Dig Dis. Careers. 7.13E). Mulberry (Morus indica) fruit develops from catkin in which fleshy perianth encloses dry achenes. In addition to bile salts, bile contains cholesterol, water, bile acids, and the pigment bilirubin. (2016, August). Thus, apricots, bananas, and grapes, as well as bean pods, corn grains, tomatoes, cucumbers, and (in their shells) acorns and almonds, are all technically fruits. Roberts, T., Del Zoppo, G., & Merritt, J. It is sometimes necessary to remove diseased portions of the spleen and other organs. This fruit is derived from superior, syncarpous pistil, multilocular with axile placentation. What is Liver Cirrhosis? Anorexia, early satiety, dyspepsia, altered bowel habits, and easy bruising and bleeding also are reported often. 7.11). The Oxford Pocket Dictionary of Current English. Q. The pericarp is expanded in the form of wings which help in dispersal. The two mericarps split along the central axis or carpophore to which they remain attached. Doctors may be able to diagnose hepatosplenomegaly more easily if a person has some of the following risk factors: A person with these risk factors should talk to their doctor about how they can improve their liver health and reduce their risk of developing hepatosplenomegaly. Each chamber is lined by papery endocarp which encloses a group of seeds. 7.3D) to the central axis ,eg. sorosis | Encyclopedia.com Liver function HHS Vulnerability Disclosure, Help False fruits are also called spurious or accessory fruits (Fig. In reason of the significant improvements in the management of the complications of cirrhosis occurred in the past 20 years, HCC is becoming the most common clinical event leading to patient death. Pruritus is reported when significant jaundice is present. 7.8). In biology, this is termed the tolerogenic phentotype necessary to prevent undesired immune response to any stimuli. 8 Jul 2023. Most online reference entries and articles do not have page numbers. Publisher: Oxford University Press. (804) 330-8500.

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